World War One an Example of the Topic History Essays by

World War One There were two stages in the World War I. There was the conventional war which lasted for two years and the desperate expedients' war which lasted till the end of the war. In the last stage, the involved parties struggled for their survival and existence as it was threatened by the war. The two sides involved were Russia, France, Great Britain, the United States and other minor countries coming together as the Allied Powers while on the other hand, Germany, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and other smaller nations formed the Central Powers. There is little evidence that Germany had intended for the war even though it emerged as the strongest central Power which was most involved in the war. Various factors which included militarism, nationalism, competition and prewar alliances played a major role in the onset of the war even though Germany had a major role to play with regard to stimulating and encouraging the war. As such, Germany primarily bears the responsibility for the outbreak of the war. Need essay sample on "World War One" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The war started as a culmination of events centered on the formation of alliances between countries. The subject of these alliances was the defense of a given ally in case it was under attack from an enemy. The major countries than were involved in the war had made one form of an alliance or another. Combined with tensions which existed between militarily active states, the world was set for a major conflict. The climax of events came on twenty eighth of June with the assassination of Frances Ferdinand who was an Austrian archduke (Snipes, 1998). The assassin was Gavrilo Princep, a Serbian student who was also a member of a militant group known as the Black Hand. The assassination was a reaction to the spirit of nationalism which came as a result of the integration of Yugoslavian provinces into one state. It was suspected that the Serbian government was responsible for the assassination, something that naturally angered the Austrians. Austrians vowed to go to war with Yugoslavia but since Yugoslavia had signed a defensive treaty with Russia, they hesitated for they knew that Russia was bound to join the war. Germany on the other hand had also signed a defensive treaty with Austria. As such, Germany assured Austria that they would defend them should Russia move to protect Yugoslavia. Germany then encouraged Austria to begin the war and should it evolve into a larger conflict, then they would offer their support. The willingness of Germany to get involved in the war was motivated by several factors. One of the factors was that the assassination meant that Hapsburg had lost control which had a consequence of Germany being surrounded by enemies should their offer be declined by Austria. Germany also knew that if Russia lost Yugoslavia, then they would have no major base in Europe. Greece and Bulgaria will also be susceptible to attack with annexation of Yugoslavia. The common perception in Germany was that Russia was unlikely to join the war as had happened in 1908 was parts of Serbia was annexed by Austria. This view overlooked various factors. In 1908, Russia could not join the conflict since it was struggling with a revolution but by nineteen fourteen, the Revolution had not only stopped but they had also recovered enough to enable them sustain war against Germany or Austria. Beyond this, Germany had allied with Turkey which made them feel confident about destroying any country in Europe. Germany also knew that England was not likely to join the war especially when Russia was the aggressor. Germany was not however conversant with Europe's take on the situation between Serbia and Austria. The general notion in Europe was that even if Serbia had a hand in the assassination, the event cannot be used as an excuse to concur it. Ever since the time of Bismarck, Germany had been involved in developing plans of invading every country in Europe (Vinton, 2004). One of such plans was the Schlieffen Plan which called for quick ways of surrounding and destroying the enemy. This plan had been used against France and other individual wars like the Battle of Tannenburg. One of the major points of this strategy was the necessity of investing all possible force behind France's invasion. As such, no soldier was to be held back in reserve. The aim of the Germans was to quickly end the war by laying an attack on France and overrunning it immediately before Russia could mobilize. The plan was to proceed into France by first attacking Belgium. Unfortunately, Belgium was not an easy ride as Germany had thought and hence they put up resistance which made it difficult for Germany to carry out its plan. Besides these war plans, Germany also attempted to stop the involvement of other nations by sparking off revolutions in them. T his plan succeeded in Russia but terribly failed in Ireland. In order to bar Britain from getting involved in the war, Germany wanted to make it seem like Russia was responsible for the onset of the war (Geiss, 2004). They made it clear that any conflict which involved Austria and Serbia was a local conflict and hence external powers were not supposed to intervene. However, the other nations knew what this meant and hence readied themselves for a possible war which was likely to involve all the major powers. The Austrians on the thirteenth of July, 1914 demanded the evacuation of all Serbians from Albania. The Serbians could not consent to any demand which was likely to jeopardize their government and thus opted to get ready and mobilize for war. Three days after the ultimatum was given, Austria saw the unwillingness of Yugoslavia to heed their demand and thus declared war officially. The conflict then begun with Austria intending to capture some portion of Serbian territory then using this to negotiate for their demands. Russian then begun to mobilize its forces with the aim of protecting Yugoslavia from Austria. The only country that barred Germany from entering the war was Britain and they thus invested their energy in trying as much as possible to bar England from engaging in the conflict. When the war broke out, England attempted to negotiate peace between the conflicting parties, an effort which did not bear any fruit. Immediately after attempting to broker peace, Germany saw that it was unlikely for England to remain neutral. However, they resorted to get involved in the war anyway. On July thirtieth, a state of imminent war danger was announced by the Germany's military leader. Russia concluded its mobilization process the following day even though it still held that they would not attack if there was still interest at peace talks. The reaction of Germany was to call for Russia's demobilization within twelve hours; something could have not been possible. Russia ultimately declined to heed for such calls, an action that Germany used as an excuse to declare war. Germany begun to mobilize her army on thirty-first July. All this indicate that Germany was growing impatient with peace and hence needed an excuse sufficient enough to enable her carry out her long desired ambitions. It is clear that Germany would have done anything to see the war begin even though peace would have been the easiest and best option. As such, all the bale and guilt can be justifiable be directed to Germany as it was within their power to prevent the onset of World War I had they not pushed Austria to invade Serbia in the name of giving them support should anything happen which was not anticipated before. References Geiss, I., (2004) Outbreak of the First World War and German War Aims. Springer Snipes, J. (1998) Austria and the First World War. Oxford University Press Vinton, Q., (2004) German Ambition and the Outbreak of World War I. Global Publishers

Medical Coding Essays

Medical Coding Essays Medical Coding Essay Medical Coding Essay Abdominal aortogram. The right groin was prepped and draped in the usual fashion. Seldinger technique was used to enter the femoral artery. A 6-French sheath was placed. A pigtail catheter was introduced in the upper abdominal aorta, and an AP aortogram was done using the DSA cut film technique using 20 cc of Omnipaque. Results: The abdominal aorta appears mildly irregular above and below the renal arteries, with no significant stenosis. (Separate the codes with a comma in your response as follows: YOOO (X.) CPT codes: (surgery code) 36200, (Radiology code) 75625-26 The physician repairs a large laceration of the diaphragm that occurred during a car accident from the seat belt the patient was wearing through a transabdominal approach. code: 39501 Mr. OBrien presents to his cardiologists office complaining of chest pain. Dr. McCoy, the cardiologist, decides to obtain a cardiovascular stress test. Because Dr. McCoys office does not have the proper equipment to perform this test, he sends Mr. OBrien stress test as well as provides his interpretation and written report. Report Dr. McCoys service. Separate the codes with a comma in your response as follows: XXXXX, XXXXX.) CPT codes: 93016, 93018 Right and left heart catheterization, selective coronary angiography, and left ventriculogram. The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion and sedation was administered for a total of fentanyl, 25 mcg V, and Versed, 0. 5 mg V. One percent lidocaine was infused in the right groin and a 7-French sheath was inserted in the right femoral arter y. A 7-French Swan-Ganz catheter was advanced through the right heart chambers and into the pulmonary artery. After pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and pulmonary artery pressures were obtained, hermodilution cardiac outputs were measured. The Swan-Ganz catheter was then pulled back to the right heart chambers prior to removal. Selective coronary angiography was then performed. A 6-French JL4 catheter was used for selective angiography of the left coronary artery and right coronary artery. A 6-French pigtail catheter was used for RAO left ventriculogram using a hand injection. Following the procedure, the sheaths were removed and hemostasis was achieved using VasoSeal. The patient tolerated the procedure well without complications.

7 Ways Private School Prepares You for College

7 Ways Private School Prepares You for College When students apply to private school, it’s often with the ultimate goal of getting into a top college. But how exactly does private school prepare you for college? 1. Private Schools Offer Exceptional Academics The Association of Boarding Schools (TABS) researched just how prepared students were for college. When asked, students who attended both boarding schools and privates reported that they were more prepared for college both academically and in non-academic areas than those who attended public school. Private school students were also more likely to earn an advanced degree, with boarding school students coming in with the highest percentage of advanced degrees earned. Why is this? One reason is that private schools are designed to help students develop a love of learning, which means that they are more likely to continue their schooling beyond high school and undergraduate college. 2. Private Schools are Rigorous It’s not uncommon to hear a private school graduate come back from their first year at college saying that it was easier than high school. Private schools are rigorous, and demand a lot of students. These high expectations result in students developing strong work ethics and time management skills. Private schools often require that students participate in two or three sports and afterschool activities, while also offering clubs and activities, in addition to their academics. This heavy schedule means time management skills and a schoolwork/life balance are skills that students master before college. 3. Boarding School Students Learn Independence Students who attend boarding school receive an even better preview of college life, more so than students at a day school. Why? Because boarding school students live in dorms on campus, instead of at home with their families, they learn what it’s like to live independently, but in a more supportive environment than you might find at college. Dorm parents at boarding school play an active role in the lives of boarding students lives, providing guidance and encouraging independence as they learn to live on their own. From laundry and room cleanliness to waking up on time and balancing work and social life, boarding school challenges students to make responsible decisions. 4. Private Schools are Diverse Private schools typically offer more diversity than public schools, as these institutions tend to enroll students from not just one town. Boarding schools go even further, welcoming students from all over the world. Like colleges, diverse environments tend to provide rich experiences, as students live and learn with people from all walks of life. These varied perspectives on current events, lifestyles, and even pop culture references can enhance the academic classroom and broaden personal understanding of the world. 5. Private Schools have Highly Qualified Teachers The TABS study also shows that boarding school students are more likely to report having high-quality teachers than private or public schools. At boarding school, teachers are so much more than just classroom teachers. They are often coaches, dorm parents, advisors, and support systems. It’s common for boarding school students to stay in touch with their teachers long after graduation. Private school teachers typically dont just have teaching certificates, in fact, many private schools value experience over a teaching certificate. Private school teachers tend to have advanced degrees in their subject areas, and often have extensive professional backgrounds in their teaching subjects. Imagine learning physics from an actual engineer, or being coached by a former professional player? Private schools strive to hire the best in the business, and the students benefit greatly. 6. Private Schools Provide Personal Attention Most private schools boast small class sizes. At private schools, an average class size is often between 12 and 15 students, whereas the NCES reports that an average classroom ranges from about 17-26 students, depending on grade level and type of class. These smaller class sizes, which sometimes have more than one teacher, especially in kindergarten programs and primary school programs, mean more personal attention for students, no back row, and no chance of getting overlooked in discussions. Private school teachers are also expected to be available outside of normal class times for extra help, especially at boarding schools. This supportive environment  means  students receive even more opportunities for success. 7. Private Schools Help Students Apply to College Another benefit of boarding school, particularly when it comes to preparing for college, is the assistance students, and their parents, receive in the college application process. College Counseling offices work with students and their families to help find the best fit colleges and universities. As juniors, and sometimes even as freshmen or sophomores, students begin to work with qualified college counselors who help guide them through the college application process. From providing help with researching colleges and universities to reviewing financial aid and scholarships, college counselors work to help students find the schools that will help them thrive. With more than 5,000 colleges and universities in the United States, college counseling services can be invaluable to students and their families. Assistance in finding the right college doesnt just mean finding a school that offers a particular major, either. Private schools also help students capitalize on their strengths during the college admission process. College counselors can help students identify schools with targeted sports or art programs, which can be  helpful if scholarships are available. For example, a student who hopes to eventually pursue an MBA may opt for a college with a strong business school. But, that same student may also be a standout soccer player, and so finding a college with both a strong business program and an active soccer program can be a huge help. Boarding school coaches are often involved in helping student athletes get seen by top college recruiters, which could result in an athletic scholarship to play on an athletic team. College is expensive, and every bit of financial aid support can be a huge help in staving off mounds of student loans.

Lennin, Karl Marx and Hannah Ardent on Revolution, what was revolution Research Paper

Lennin, Karl Marx and Hannah Ardent on Revolution, what was revolution - Research Paper Example For a Marxist, if the bourgeoisie remain in power this negates any procedural facade of a revolution. For a liberal democrat, the survival of factions from the old nomenclature deflates the democratic revolution. However, on closer inspection there is not a single set of characteristics that will serve to unite all around a common conception. This thesis tends to enquire Marx, Lenin and Arendt’s views on revolution in order to seek a plausible conclusion. Karl Marx described revolutions as the locomotives of history. He argued that feudalism, capitalism and socialism, as new modes of production, were generated within the precincts of the existing one. Revolutions were caused by the development of a contradiction between the social forces and the social relations of production, with the latter acting as restrains upon the former. This expressed itself in the escalation of class conflict, steering in what Marx called the epoch of social revolution. Each revolutionary class devel oped awareness of itself through economic and political struggles against the existing dominant class. The result would be the emergence of new relations of production and their accompanying ideological forms, and the eventual establishment of  supremacy. ... In due course of time Marxist theory faced real tests as its prophecy of eventual dismal condition of working class before revolution was seriously challenged by better/improved life styles of working class in capitalist states. Lenin. Vladimir Ul'yanov came from a provincial middle class family of Russia. Soon after his father's death in 1886 Lenin's elder Brother Alexander was hanged for participating in a plot by a revolutionary  populist  group to assassinate Alexander III. This event made a deep impression on the younger Lenin and, after passing his final school exams with distinction, he too joined a populist group when he began studying at  Kazan University. He was deeply influenced by Marxism during his student life. In 1902, Lenin published his  pamphlet  what is to be done, in which he argued that a successful revolutionary party in Russian conditions had to be a highly centralized and conspiratorial organization of professional revolutionaries to be an effective vanguard of the workers. In his work  Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution  he argued that the workers would have to take a leading role in the  bourgeois  revolution, co-operating with revolutionary elements in the peasantry. This latter point was unusual in Marxist thinking, perhaps showing underlying populist influence on Lenin. In  Imperialism, he argued that the capitalist powers were driven into territorial imperialism by capital export and used the super-profits derived from colonial exploitation. Lazarus points out that â€Å"Revolution†¦ belongs as a category to the historicism that is fuelled by defunct socialism and parliamentarianism,† because, â€Å"historicism keeps a place

Ethical perspective of a global issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical perspective of a global issue - Essay Example The possibility of human cloning was raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" (Lauritzen 57-64). Dolly aroused worldwide interest and concern because of the scientific and ethical implications in creating her. The feat, cited by Science magazine as the breakthrough of 1997, also generated uncertainty over the meaning of "cloning" --an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (Murray, 41) When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. (Murray, 41) The following three types of cloning technologies are the most progressive: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning. ... Scientists studying a particular gene often use bacterial plasmids to generate multiple copies of the same gene. Plasmids are self-replicating extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecules, distinct from the normal bacterial genome (see image to the right). Plasmids and other types of cloning vectors are used by Human Genome Project researchers to copy genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate enough identical material for further study. (Walters, 69) Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. Japanese studies have shown that cloned mice live in poor health and die early. (Lauritzen 57-64) About a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young, and many of them were abnormally large. Many cloned animals have not lived long enough to generate good data about how clones age. Appearing healthy at a young age unfortunately is not a good indicator of long term survival. Clones have been known to die mysteriously. For example, Australia's first cloned sheep appeared healthy and energetic on the day she died, and the results from her autopsy failed to determine a cause of death. (Walters 69) In 2002, researchers at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, reported that the genomes of cloned mice are compromised. In analyzing more than 10,000 liver and placenta cells of cloned mice, they discovered

Illusion and Identity in Atwood’s Essay Example for Free

Illusion and Identity in Atwood’s Essay Identity in Atwood’s â€Å"This is a Photograph of Me† In her poem â€Å"This is a Photograph of Me,† author Margaret Atwood uses imagery and contrast to explore issues of illusion versus reality as well as identity. The poem is split into two halves. The first half contains descriptive words about scenery and natural objects, and the second half, surrounded by parentheses, begins with the unnerving surprise that the narrator is dead. The poem opens with a description of a picture that at first seems blurry but slowly comes into focus, like a photograph slowly developing, that even resembles a written poem itself (â€Å"blurred lines and grey flecks/blended with the paper. †) The second and third stanzas go on to describe objects in the picture, including a â€Å"small frame house,† a â€Å"lake,† and â€Å"some low hills. † The first half has a reminiscent and descriptive tone, falsely leading the reader along with serenity. But even here, there is a shroud of mystery, with a description not just of a â€Å"branch,† but of â€Å"a thing that is like a branch,† and the house is â€Å"halfway up/ what ought to be a gentle slope,† not halfway up a gentle slope. What could this mean? The calm albeit mysterious peacefulness of the first half ends with the fourth stanza’s jarring declaration, beginning with an opening parenthesis, that the photograph the narrator is describing â€Å"was taken/ the day after [she] drowned. The pace of the poem after this revelation seems frantic, searching for the narrator in the lake, which was in the first half described as being â€Å"in the background† and now â€Å"in the center/ of the picture. † The narrator tells the reader that what can be seen is distorted and one must look intently, playing with the themes of illusion and identity. Perhaps the ambiguity of the poem and the exploration of illusion and identity are hinting at a feminist perspective that a woman’s true spirit is overcast by a male-dominated society. Or perhaps the poem’s focus is eluding to a more universal human search for identity, a with a narrator who is unsure and obscured, but â€Å"just under the surface,† about to break out – previously dead but now reborn, to find a new path. Or perhaps the author is talking about poetry or literature itself and the author’s hidden intentions lurking in the work. As noted earlier, the description of the â€Å"photograph† at the beginning resembles a description of a poem: â€Å"blurred lines and grey flecks/ blended with the paper,† like lines of writing and the letters comprising words. The author dies with the birth of her poem, when the piece lives on its own; but the author is still there, somewhere, her intentions a key part of the text. The photograph in the poem, in the first half, is described as â€Å"smeared† and â€Å"blurred† and in the second half there is still â€Å"distortion. † So instead of disclosing the narrator’s story and identity, no resolution is apparent. On the contrary, the photograph creates illusion and obscures identity. The reader is left with uncertainty, just like the blurred and distorted photograph of the poem.

The Man Who Was Almost A Man by Richard Wright Essay -- The Man Who W

"The Man Who Was Almost A Man" by Richard Wright In life, there are many decisions that everyone must make. And with decision-making comes consequences, some that we are ready for , and some that we may not be ready for. The author of ' The Man Who Was Almost a Man,' Richard Wright, portrays a young man who wants to be a man, but shows that he is clearly unprepared for manhood and the consequences that come with that responsibility. Through decision making based on self interest, wanting to gain respect from his family, and wanting to prove his dignity, Richard Wright brings forth the main character, Dave, a seventeen year old boy, whose actions show that he is only 'almost a man.'   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the story, many of Dave?s decisions were based solely on his own interests. In fact, everything that Dave did was for his own interest, whether good or bad. An example of this would be Dave?s decision to purchase the gun after begging his mother for money. Dave promised his mother that he would bring the gun right back to her so that she could give it to his father. Instead, Dave went against his mother?s will and hid the gun from her. Knowing that making decisions are geared toward, a person?s self interest and their beliefs, it is easily understood why Dave decided to buy the gun from Joe. Dave felt that with a gun, everyone would have to respect him, therefore he thought that a gun would make him a man regardless of his age. A person?s decision making can display wheth...

Globalization And It Effects Essay

I. AN OVERVIEW. With the growing standards of the world and the existing concepts and complexities in political, economic and socio-cultural ideologies, man has always and continuously pondered over the aspects of his nature. Unity, equality, trade and commerce are at the forefront of man’s complexities. With these thoughts in mind, man has moved through history trying to satisfy his desires in relation to others. The advent of the twenty-first century gave birth to the idea of making the world a single village, thus, globalization. Globalization is the most talk-about issues in the 21st century. However, there is the difficulty of the world to come up with a single and uniform definition. This is because, so many people doubt if the happenings in the world today are as a result of globalization. Thus, due to these global differences of what this concept actually is about, globalization has grown to involve aspects not only of economy, but politics and other socio-cultural issues. Globalizati on affects almost every human being, this is because the process of globalization is said to have expanded almost through out the entire world either through transport, commerce, and communication. In addition, man’s activities on the globe are all located under these sectors. Culture, as a way of living of man, is identified by every one immediately after birth and was often seen as distinct from one another. However, with advent of the process of globalization, there is now the integration and homogenization of cultures. â€Å"Homogenization of cultures is the loss of diversity of culture between two or more cultural groups†. Thus, our topic, â€Å"globalization and its effects on cultural integration in the Czech Republic† The Czech Republic is a country with a rich cultural heritage with works of art seen in theatres, cinemas, libraries, globally recognized galleries, museums and concert halls and with well-maintained traditions especially, in the villages of the Moravian-Silesian region. These villages remain as a sign of the cultural taste of the specific areas. II. THE PROBLEM. Human beings with unlimited quest for wants have let to the advent of the process of globalization. This has come through a dramatic expansion in the volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services. The development of new technologies used for information, communication and transportation; and the huge increase in international flow of capital, has gone a long way to affect the economic, political, environmental and socio-cultural sectors of many countries in the world, both positive and negative. Effects on globalization on cultural integration being our topic of discussion, in recent years there have been programs carried out by the government bodies, United Nations, the European Union and the Non-governmental organizations for the integration of immigrants and foreigners in the Czech Republic. As a way of encouraging integration, the ministry of culture represents intercultural dialogue within the state policy. The ministry also give support to cultural activities of members of national minorities living in the country, support for integration of members of the Roma community and immigrants. The Department of Arts, Libraries, Department of Media, and Audiovisual Policies have also supported intercultural projects. Non- governmental organizations such as: Organization for Aid to Refugees, (OPU), People in Need, and Czech Mobility Center and â€Å"Ethnic Friendly employer†. III. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. The main objective of this study is to examine globalization and its effects on cultural integration in the Czech Republic. Other objectives are to examine the effects of globalization on the economic, political and socio-cultural domains in the Czech Republic in general. To determine how globalization has contributed to the transformation of the national sovereignty to global sovereignty. It is also to examine the current rate of integration and the characteristics of the people in the cultural integration process. Furthermore, the study is intended to identify and describe the techniques in which people become culturally integrated and the number of questions being raised. It is also aimed at examining the role of government, the United Nations the World Bank, the NGOs, the Foreigners, Immigrants, in the cultural integration process. Finally, it is to examine the constraints and consequences of cultural integration, since the long-term results are leaving a legacy positively and negatively. As we move towards the third millennium, a rational planning scheme and utilization of cultures should remain the major pre-occupation of the society. IV.HYPOTHESES In order to carry out the study and achieve the stated objectives, a number of hypotheses were advanced to address the problem; i) Globalization and cultural integration form an interrelated spiral. There is, the more there the futures of globalization, the more there is cultural integration. ii) Intensification of trade and commerce and communication is the main cause of cultural integration in the Czech Republic. V. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY. The later part of the 20th century has seen a remarkable growth in the level of popular concern for environmental, political, economic and socio-cultural issues, which have come as a result of the advent of the globalization process. It is becoming increasingly clear that if the present environmental crisis is not confronted immediately, we stand the risk of having serious and irreversible effects on our world. The Czech Republic has an interest in its cultural protection. That is why the government in order to preserve the Czech culture organizes annual cultural festivals in the country. However, there is little evidence that sufficient steps have been taken to ensure effective protection is done. This is due to the fact that the local communities, which are directly concerned with the culture, are not often considered when making policies concerning their culture, management and protection. Hence, a study of this nature could have results, which are beneficial in a number of ways. Some of these include; To raise awareness of the community on the significance and ways of proper management of cultural issues, To address a number of problems, caused by globalization and its effects on the cultural integration, To provide policy makers and research institutions with the basic data, this would help in designing new program that will be real and problem specific, To provide citizens of not only the Czech Republic but European Union members as well on the currents effects of changes on cultural issues as a result of globalization. VI. METHODOLOGY VI.IIData Collection Although the writer has interacted for some time in this area, and has grown up with a wealth of knowledge of the Czech culture, a further reading was carried out in order to further knowledge of the recent changes in the Czech culture due to the advent of globalization. The theoretical and empirical research was most based on secondary sources and official websites like the Czech Statistical Office, the Ministry of Labor Youths and Sports and Eurostat. Most of the research was mostly on secondary sources were mostly consulted. Several textbooks, journals, unpublished dissertations and other related publications on the subject were also consulted. VI.II. Data Analysis The descriptive techniques were used in analyzing the data collected from sources such as the Czech statistical Office, and Eurostat website. These techniques included the use of tables and graphs with the calculations of percentages, and averages. In addition to this, the data was illustrated in bar charts, and histograms. This can be seen in chapter three. VII. Limitations of the Study The first limitation is that even when the researcher tried to carry a review on some research in the libraries on the effects of globalization on cultural integration in the Czech Republic, there of few textbooks, which have dealt with this topic. Secondly, even with the few ones, some there were mostly in other languages like the Czech language. So due to the scarcity on text books on the topic and the hindrance to consult some of the available ones most of the materials were been extracted from official websites like the Czech Statistics Office, Eurostat, the Ministry of Youths and Sports. Another constraint on the research was that of finance. Some of materials found on the Internet were on sale, and couple with the financial constraints, the researcher was unable to reach all of the available materials. VIII. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA The study area is situated between latitude 49 ° 45 N of the equator and longitude 15  º 30 E of the Greenwich Meridian. Czech Republic is found in the central Europe, bordered in east by Slovakia, in the south by Austria, in the north by Poland and in the west by Germany. It has a land cover of 78,864 sq. kilometers with a population of 10.2 million inhabitants. Major cities include, Prague (the capital city), Brno, Plzen, Olomouc, Karlovy Vary, Ceske Budejovice, Cesky Krumlov, Liberec, Hradec Kralove, Bechyne, Kolin, Pelhrimov, Sumperk, Trebon , Uherske Hradiste and Bruntal. The main ethnic groups in the Czech Republic include; the Czech who are about 9.25 million of the population, the Moravian (more than 380,000), the Slovak about (193.000), the Roma about (171.000), the Silesians (11.000), the Polish (52.000), the Germans (39.000), the Ukrainian (22.000) and the Vietnamese (18.000) Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (January 2008). Map 1 The Map Of The Czech Republic Source: World Atlas.com. CHAPTER ONE: DEFINITION OF TERMS. Going back to the topic of our thesis, â€Å"Globalization and effects on cultural integration in the Czech Republic†, there is the need to define what globalization actually is. With the growing debate of what when the globalization phenomenon began and it actual meaning, some social science theorists have come forth with the definition of globalization both from the classical and the contemporary era. 1.1 Definition of Globalization Walters says the Webster’s dictionary is the first major dictionary to mention the word globalization in 1961. The dictionary defines globalization as â€Å"to render global† or â€Å"the act of globalizing† cited in Malcolm Walters (2001:2). The concept globalization has now being use by many academics and there has been a debate on when the concept of globalization actually began. There are some who have perceived the concept of globalization has been in to existence before this period. Thus, the below mentioned are some of the definitions of globalization posed by various social science theorists. Marx (1977) is considered by social theorists as the first author to focus on the dimensional approach in the explanation of the concept of globalization; He explained the globalization phenomenon, basing his argument on the economic factor. Marx in his dependency theory saw that the political-territorial boundaries remain intact and will disappear under a future proletarian supremacy. This is seen because, immediately after his death on 14th of March 1883, his ideas began to invoke a major influence on workers revolts in the world such as, Bolsheviks movement also known as the October revolution in Russia in October 25 1917. Wallerstein (1974) is another diamensionalist, who focuses on the economic view on the definition of globalization. Taking from the works of Marx’s dependence theory, in his world systems theory where he developed a theoretical framework to understand the historical changes involved in the rise of the modern world, defines globalization as, â€Å"an increasing level of interdependence between national systems by way of trade, military alliance and domination, and cultural imperialism† cited in Walters (2001:4). Robertson Roland has been considered as one of the most prominent writers of issues of globalization. He explains globalization in the cultural domain. In is text, â€Å"Globalization as a Problem† in The Globalization Reader says ‘globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole† Cited in Frank Lechner and John Boli (2004:94) For Wallerstein, the world started going compression since the beginning of the sixteenth century, but Robertson; he argues that the history of globalization is far longer. For Robertson, through an increase in world wide consciousness a person is looked at and is examined by the whole world and not just by his or her own local environment in which he/she lives. However, both Wallerstein and Robertson’s ideas of the intensification of the world wide consciousness is said to match. According to Giddens globalization is seen as â€Å"the intensification of world wide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa† Giddens (1990:4). These local happenings were said to be may be influenced by distant events and not just the local events, which all have been influenced by the forces of globalization. Looking at Giddens (1990) and Robertson’s (1992) definitions, Giddens believes modernity has come as a result of globalization. That is, he considers modernity to be inherently globalizing. For Giddens globalization is said to have started during the sixteenth century onwards and in Europe in particular. However, in Robertson’s opinion, the problem of globalization is not new. He believes the social compression of the world has begun before the sixteenth century as predicted by Giddens. He predicts modernity and the rise of capitalism to be the cause of the rise of globalization. That is for Robertson, modernization has an influence on globalization. In addition, because of this, it led to a high level of consciousness and the present situation where we in the present day are unable to trace the diffusion of globalization across a large number of areas in the different parts of the world. However, what can be said is that both Giddens and Robertson have tried to show that people are now able to see and understand issues beyond their immediate environments due to the emergence of the concept of globalization. Luhmann in his explanation of globalization focuses more on communication. For him communication is the major factor of globalization. He thus defines globalization as â€Å"the transition from integration to differentiation, from territorial society to world society; from identity to difference; from ‘stratified’ differentiation to ‘functional’† Luhmann (1982:133, 229). Armand refers globalization as â€Å"one of those tricky words, one of those instrumental notions that, under the effects of market logics and without citizens being aware of it have been naturalized to the point of becoming indispensable for establishing communication between people of different cultures† Armand (2000:97). For Armand, globalization has a dominant role in organizing and decoding the meaning of the world. In a similar manner, Beynon John and Dunkerley David in their general introduction to globalization: the reader, made the claim that â€Å"globalization is impacting on the lives of everyone on the †¦ globalization might justifiably be claimed to be the defining features of human society at the state of the twenty-first century† Beynon John and Dunkerley David (2000: 3). Beck on his text, What is globalization, he says globalization is the â€Å"blanket term† and thus describe it to be â€Å"the processes through which Sovereign national states are criss-crossed and undermined by transnational actors with varying prospects of power, orientation, identities and networks† Beck (2000:11). Beck also referred globalization as the â€Å"intensification of transnational space, events, problems, conflicts and biographies† (ibid: 87). He argues that we are moving into a ‘second modernity’ that is seen through growth of the economy, the information and communication technologies, civil society communications and the changes in the environment. He sees globalization to be discontinuous, conflictual and ill reversible because for him, it not different from any other historical process. Although Beck contributed in the explanation of modernity just like other social scientists like Giddens and Marx, he never saw any good in this process. He thus focused more of his attention on the bad side of modernity, which he called a â€Å"risk society†. That is, the new modernity is only concern with the â€Å"prevention, minimization and channeling of risk† Cited in Ritzer (2000:222). Waters Malcolm defines globalization in a less political approach as ‘a social process in which the constraints of geography on economic, political, social, and cultural arrangements recede, in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding and in which people act accordingly’ Walters (200:15). The idea that people are conscious that they are receding (been carried away can to some how be argued. This is because; at time, some people are not always conscious of the fact that the processes globalization is affecting them. People may be moving or acting through the forces of globalization unconscious. Held and McGrew also defines globalization as a â€Å"process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions – assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact- generating transcontinental or inter-regional flows and networks of activity† Held and McGrew (1999:16). Thus, considering the views of the above-cited authors, globalization can be defined as intensification of economic, political, and socio-cultural relations in the localities of the world. Alternatively, it can be seen as the development of equal opportunities in the political, economic, socio-cultural realms of all nations in the world. It’s also related to the spread of modernization throughout the world. Globalization indicates increase linkages between people, goods and technology. It is a process whereby, national business enterprises and markets become world wide or international. That is, a situation whereby businesses which were been carried out within a particular country are now been extended to other countries across the globe. Globalization is the process of making the village a single entity. That is with the advent of globalization there is the continuity of the homogeneity of culture, economy, social and environmental aspects of the world.

Unemployment in UAE

United Arab Emirates is one of GCC members which suffer unemployment increase since the early country development time of the 70th of the past century. According to the (C. I. A The World Factbook, n. d. ) the unemployment rate for the United Arab Emirates is 2. 1%; with roughly 32. 6% of Emirati men and 47. 7% of women out of work. This is based on a study conducted in 2006 from a poll of 4,800 U. A. E nationals of working age. To break it down even further, 73. 8% among those aged between 18-29 were unemployed. 18. 6% of individuals aged between 30-39 were unemployed. 30. % of individuals with a University degree were unemployed. Those of who are educated at the secondary school level constituted a 35. 8% unemployment. This paper addresses and discusses the topic through several resources emerging the situation of unemployment in UAE based on statistics gathered since 2001 till 2010. Furthermore this paper spots and focuses on the associated reasons which are considered as root cause and the effective solution. (Muawia E. Ibrahim, 2004) wrote about the fluctuation of the unemployment among UAE nationals despite of the attractive offers in both public and private sector. Till 2002, 29900 nationals were registered as unemployed in addition to 12600 in 2003. In 2001& 2002, 7124 national was graduated from university; this increment in the number of university graduates influenced the phenomena of the unemployment in UAE to score 35% of the total number 29900. According to the planning ministry statistics only 9% of the total workforce was occupied by UAE nationals in 2003 and this situation referred to the incompatibility of academic training and market requirements. The increase of the theoretical than practical academic isciplines graduates is one reason behind this phenomenon; however the market demands the technological and professional field. The gap between the academic institution and the employment institution caused students to wrongly select their studying major which is not required by the market. Because of the deterioration in the standards of students in mathematics, English and Arabic, also lacking basic study skills, research ideas and personal abilities made the university and the higher colleges of technology to spend money on training newly admitted student in order for them to become educated with new academic life requirements. Accordingly, recommendation raised to the concerned institutions to cooperate in prescribing syllabus so that students are well prepared and capable of carrying on with their studies in higher education institution. Also, recommended strong and closer coordination between higher education institutions to design academic programmes that are aligned with the labour market demand. Ultimately the concept of the training students during college period is important to improve the employment relationships. Elsa Baxter, 2009) clearly emphasis on unemployment among UAE nationals at its highest level since the country was founded 38 years ago, with more than 40,000 Emiratis out of work. According to the National human Resources Development and Recruitment (Tanmia) the UAE was suffering unemployment crisis, which will continue to rise unless action is taken. While the local unemployment rate on an influx of expatriate labour and the failure of plans to create more jobs for locals. The UAE society like other Gulf societies is suffering from an article published by the Abu Dhabi based Emirates centre for Strategic Studies and research. Further, the unemployment rate among UAE nationals peaked at 13 percent at the end of 2008. The same rate for expatriates was just 2. 6 percent. Despite of the numerous efforts by the UAE government to tackle the unemployment problem they had little effect. Overall, this problem started to convince us that there is a sort of imbalanced or legal gap, it could also be a lack of coordination among those institutions. UAE unemployment rises to 4%, 2009) unemployment in the UAE jumped to 4 percent in 2008, from 3. 45 percent in 2007, according to figure from the Ministry of Economy. Considering the fact of expatriates have left the country since the global financial crises. Which means the jobless rate among expatriates will not increase sharply. The rate among UAE nationals records a higher increase given the rapid growth in their num ber. However, this is not basically for economic reasons but due to the reluctance of nationals to join the private sector and their preference for the public sector. Anees Dayoub & Ben Flanagan, 2006), The high rate of unemployment among UAE nationals was revealed today in a study that found that 32. 6% of Emirati men, and 47. 7% of women, are not in work. Nepotism and the preference for imported labour were seen as being the two main factors behind this. The study by Sharjah University polled a random selection of 4,800 UAE nationals of working age. The unemployment rate among those aged 18-29 was 73. 8%, the newspaper said. In the 30-39 bracket 18. % of those polled were unemployed. Those with a university degree – representing 30. 1% of the total unemployed – are actually less likely to be in work than those with a diploma (21. 1% of the total). Those only educated to secondary school level constitute 35. 8% of people not in work. The predominate reason behind the high figures was nepotism – where jobs are awarded to family members of management – with 74. 3 per cent citing this as a cause. Competition from expatriates was a factor for 30. 9% of those surveyed. Nadim Kawach, 2004), All Arab League countries are suffering from such a problem but joblessness has remained under control in some members, including the UAE, on the grounds their development spending is still high and their economy has been growing fast enough in some years. While unemployment in some member states is as high as 20 per cent, it has remained as low as 1. 8 per cent over the past seven years in the UAE and Kuwait. Unemployment among UAE nationals is higher, standing at around six per cent, given the relatively low numbers of local manpower, according to official figures. But the reasons for unemployment among nationals in the UAE have nothing to do with economic performance but with completely different factors. They include a sharp increase in native graduates, their preference for working in the public sector and the reluctance of the private sector to recruit nationals on the grounds they are costlier. Figures revealed by Matar Humaid Al Tayer, Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, showed around 13,000 known nationals are looking for jobs, accounting for nearly six per cent of the total native workforce of around 200,000 at the end of last year. More than 3,000 nationals are graduating from universities and institutes in the UAE every year and the rate is expected to continue until 2015†¦this requires serious measures to accommodate all those graduates in the labour market,† the Minister told the monthly bulletin of the Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce and Industry. UAE has a wealth of oil and is distinct from the rest of the Gulf populat ion density low is supposed to not face many of the problems faced by countries with densely populated, but it turned out, through reports from parties interested in internal and external different that the UAE suffer from the problem of unemployment . The problem has emerged since the early years of statehood movement development. Results of some of these reports prove the existence of the problem of unemployment in the UAE, which is high from the perspective of reality where the UAE Emiratis ratio of two percent of the total workforce, including the state and the rate of thirty-five percent of the UAE based unemployed are university graduates. Reports in this regard indicate that the unemployment rate continues to increase since the year two thousand and six months, until today, although observers show concern about this problem and its future if it remained the case as it is without any progress to solve the problem of unemployment. The truth is that reports attributed the occurrence of the problem of unemployment to many reasons, and of the most prominent and most powerful and realistic is the absence of the comprehensive educational plan and also the absence of co-ordination between state institutions concerned. One of the reasons that have contributed to exacerbate this problem economic boom between the year two thousand and three to the year two thousand and seven, this rapid change and non-measured by the state institutions to create a large gap between the requirements of the labor market and the qualifications of citizens of study process are available, and then came the setback of the global economic to receive its consequences on the State and increase the complexity of the problem. Incurred higher education institutions and universities to pay huge ums in order to bridge this gap for the rehabilitation of citizens and provide them with the skills and science that correspond with the requirements of the labor market, as a temporary solution. On the other hand it is also the reasons is the lack of awareness and poor performance of the individual citizen and not to highlight the seriousness with full opportunity for the development of educational qualifications and scientific capabiliti es to be able to bear the burden of the labor market. There are also other reasons contribute to the survival problem of unemployment in the State, such as nepotism and cronyism, which leads to giving opportunities and positions of responsibility that need to be hard work experience to people who are incompetent and unable to bear the burden required and thus the failure and a waste of time and money at the expense of other citizens. One of the reasons also bring foreign workers without statistical studies and conscious to preserve the rights of citizens in the percentage of jobs available in the state. Through the above discussion of the problem and the reasons for their formation can be ascertained that the fundamental solution is to work on studies and statistics include all the emirates and the development of a future plan, taking into account the current situation and how to deal with him, and directing all state institutions, public and private cooperation and coordination to develop appropriate solutions. Distribution of roles between the emirates to make progress on the economic level in terms of geographic scope and manner of economic activity and also to reduce to bring foreign workers would help alleviate the problem relatively. It is also clear to the country's lack of national cadres and high-value intellectual and global experience a significant impact on the incidence and the continuing problem of unemployment and others.

Overview of Life Expectancy

Overview of Life Expectancy Life expectancy from birth is a frequently utilized and analyzed component of demographic data for the countries of the world. It represents the average life span of a newborn and is an indicator of the overall health of a country. Life expectancy can fall due to problems like famine, war, disease and poor health. Improvements in health and welfare increase life expectancy. The higher the life expectancy, the better shape a country is in. As you can see from the map, more developed regions of the world generally have higher life expectancies (green) than less developed regions with lower life expectancies (red). The regional variation is quite dramatic. However, some countries like Saudi Arabia have very high GNP per capita but dont have high life expectancies. Alternatively, there are countries like China and Cuba that have low GNP per capita have reasonably high life expectancies. Life expectancy rose rapidly in the twentieth century due to improvements in public health, nutrition and medicine. Its likely that life expectancy of the most developed countries will slowly advance and then reach a peak in the range of the mid-80s in age. Currently, microstates Andorra, San Marino, and Singapore along with Japan have the worlds highest life expectancies (83.5, 82.1, 81.6 and 81.15, respectively). Unfortunately, AIDS has taken its toll in Africa, Asia and even Latin America by reducing life expectancy in 34 different countries (26 of them in Africa). Africa is home to the worlds lowest life expectancies with Swaziland (33.2 years), Botswana (33.9 years) and Lesotho (34.5 years) rounding out the bottom. Between 1998 and 2000, 44 different countries had a change of two years or more of their life expectancies from birth and 23 countries increased in life expectancy while 21 countries had a drop. Sex Differences Women almost always have higher life expectancies than men. Currently, the worldwide life expectancy for all people is 64.3 years but for males its 62.7 years and for females life expectancy is 66 years, a difference of more than three years. The sex difference ranges from four to six years in North America and Europe to more than 13 years between men and women in Russia. The reasons for the difference between male and female life expectancy are not fully understood. While some scholars argue that women are biologically superior to men and thus live longer, others argue that men are employed in more hazardous occupations (factories, military service, etc). Plus, men generally drive, smoke and drink more than women - men are even more often murdered. Historic Life Expectancy During the Roman Empire, Romans had an approximate life expectancy of 22 to 25 years. In 1900, the world life expectancy was approximately 30 years and in 1985 it was about 62 years, just two years short of todays life expectancy. Aging Life expectancy changes as one gets older. By the time a child reaches their first year, their chances of living longer increase. By the time of late adulthood, ones chances of survival to very old age are quite good. For example, although the life expectancy from birth for all people in the United States is 77.7 years, those who live to age 65 will have an average of almost 18 additional years left to live, making their life expectancy almost 83 years.

Causes of binge drinking

Causes of binge drinking Essay Child AbuseWhat is Child Abuse? By definition, child abuse is the deliberate and willful injury of a child by a caretaker hitting, beating with an object, slamming against a wall, even killing. It involves active, hostile, aggressive treatment. The key word in the definition of child abuse is deliberate. Why would anyone physically harm a child? The physical destruction of a child is the extreme reaction of parents to the stress of having children. Most people are not aware of the fact that deliberately hitting a child is considered a felony in all fifty states. Abuse of children is more common than most people realize. At least one out of five adult women and one out of every ten adult men report having been abused in childhood. Recognizing child abuse in its several forms is a twentieth century phenomenon. Child abuse is also more likely to be recognized in economically developed countries than in other parts of the world. Children have been beaten and abandoned for centuries, base d primarily on the belief that children are the property of their parents. By educating yourself and your children about abuse, you can help prevent it from happening to your children and better cope with it if it does. (Child 6) There are four different forms of child abuse. They are physical abuse (child beating and neglect), sexual abuse, incest, and exploitation (such as child pornography). Physical abuse occurs when a caretaker deliberately beats the child. Some examples of 2 physical abuse include burning with a cigarette, striking a child, and scalding with hot water. According to social agencies, beatings of children have been multiplying over the past twenty-five years or so. The increasing number of reports could mean that in recent years, social workers, health professionals, and other experts have become better able to recognize cases of mistreatment. Some 60,000 cases of abuse are reported annually. (Sargo 12) Many battered children must endure a second terrible problem neglect. Neglect, which occurs when parents or others who are responsible for a childs welfare fail to provide for the childs basic needs in any number of ways. Physical neglect occurs when the caretaker fails to provide adequate food, clothing, or shelter. Physical neglect also occurs when the person caring for a child refuses to seek health care or delays in doing so. Other examples are abandoning a child, either permanently or temporarily, and when a child is kicked out of home or refused to be let back in. There is also educational neglect when parents do not force their children to attend school. Early civilization regularly abandoned deformed or surplus children, and ritual sacrifice of the children to appease the gods took place in Egyptian, Carthaginian, Roman, Greek, and Aztec societies. (Child 2) Either they do not enroll the child in school at the age required by law, or they allow their children to be chronically truant from classes. (Gelles 21). 3 Another form of negl ect is emotional neglect, which occurs when parents or guardians behave in a way that deeply disturbs a young child. (Sargo 15) Some examples of emotional abuse occur when parents fight or beat each other in front of a child, when they give a child permission to use drugs or alcohol or when the parents themselves are under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Then there is moral neglect, when parents let their children run loose in the streets at all hours so he or she risks getting in trouble with the law. Moral neglect also occurs when the parents allow or encourage the child to perform criminal acts. Of the various types of neglect, physical is said to be the most common. The DHHS study reports that some 571,600 American children suffer from physical neglect . Educational neglect is next at just over 292,000 children. Emotional neglect is third with 223,000 victims. (Child 11) Sexual abuse, which is also known as sexual molestation, is defined as the exploitation of a minor for the sexual gratification of an adult. Sexual abuse involves forcing, tricking, bribing, threatening or pressuring a child into sexual awareness or activity. Sexual abuse is an abuse of power over a child and READ: Why I Chose Accounting Essay

Emergency Disaster Legal Issues after Hurricane Sandy within New Research Paper

Emergency Disaster Legal Issues after Hurricane Sandy within New Jersey - Research Paper Example Legal offices have been open in the region to provide people with access to benefits, acquire safe inexpensive housing, and manage other legal problems to assist families and the public pull through Hurricane Sandy. In order to prevent communities from the devastating effects of any other emergency, several policies have been implemented accordingly. Reflecting on this context, this paper critically examines emergency disaster legal issues after Hurricane Sandy within New Jersey from a broad point of view. In order to successfully scrutinize the subject, the paper also provides the central research question and the purpose of the research, research methodology, and appropriate recommendations accordingly. The Central Research Question and the Purpose of the Research The occurrence of disaster in any given society leads to mass killings and destruction of property in the long run. The happening of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey has become an important issue of discussion in recent time s. The debate over the disaster has been aimed towards finding out the most valuable measures, which should be implemented in the region to help people (National Disaster Legal Aid, 2012). Whenever a disaster hits any given region, there are several legal issues which arise among the victims. Several measures must be adopted appropriately in order to solve such legal issues within the shortest time possible. With the intention of addressing the legal issue in the affected region, legal assistance is always considered of great importance (Perry, 2012). Legal assistance provided in New Jersey takes account of the following. The first legal assistance is returning legal documents lost and damaged during the incidence. The second legal assistance is providing medication and property insurance claims to the victims whilst the other legal assistance is to give counseling on issues related to tenant and landlord. Building on this perspective, it is worth noting that the central research qu estion of this paper revolves around preparing a report in support of the legal issues of the disaster. This implies that the central question of the research forms a point of reference from where the purpose of the research is understood clearly. It is worth noting that, all the way through the state, revival efforts are well in progress (Summar, 2012). The revival efforts are aimed towards saving the lives of all people affected by the disaster. In that sense, the purpose of the research is to explore the negative impacts of a disaster, examine the necessary policies that are put into practice towards addressing the emerging issues, and define how victims of the catastrophe can be helped to recover sooner or later. Research Methodology After evaluation of the disaster, the Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis prepared by the legal offices at New Jersey announced that the people were equally at risk of different types of disasters. It is appropriate for a community to have well organi zed emergency operations against any emergency. After an analysis has been done and the community has been found vulnerable to different types of disasters, there is the need to come up with emergency plans to address the situation (Perry, 2012). For the community, there are two ways to go about this: we can have a Disaster Specific Plan for the different disasters or have a General Emergency Management Plan for addressing any of the four disasters whenever